@article{Benítez D._Medeiros A._Fiestas L._Panozzo-Zenere E.A._Maiwald F._ Prousis K.C._Roussaki M._ Calogeropoulou T._Detsi A._Jaeger T._et al._2016, title={Identification of Novel Chemical Scaffolds Inhibiting Trypanothione Synthetase from Pathogenic Trypanosomatids}, volume={10}, ISSN={1935-2727}, archiveLocation={Ινστιτούτο Χημικής Βιολογίας - Επιστημονικό έργο}, url={https://hdl.handle.net/10442/17487}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pntd.0004617}, abstractNote={The search for novel chemical entities targeting essential and parasite-specific pathways is considered a priority for neglected diseases such as trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis. The thiol-dependent redox metabolism of trypanosomatids relies on bis-glutathionylspermidine [trypanothione, T(SH)2], a low molecular mass cosubstrate absent in the host. In pathogenic trypanosomatids, a single enzyme, trypanothione synthetase (TryS), catalyzes trypanothione biosynthesis, which is indispensable for parasite survival. Thus, TryS qualifies as an attractive drug target candidate. Methodology/Principal Finding: A library composed of 144 compounds from 7 different families and several singletons was screened against TryS from three major pathogen species (Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum). The screening conditions were adjusted to the TryS´ kinetic parameters and intracellular concentration of substrates corresponding to each trypanosomatid species, and/or to avoid assay interference. The screening assay yielded suitable Z’ and signal to noise values (≥0.85 and ~3.5, respectively), and high intra-assay reproducibility. Several novel chemical scaffolds were identified as low μM and selective tri-tryp TryS inhibitors. Compounds displaying multi-TryS inhibition (N,N’-bis(3,4-substituted-benzyl) diamine derivatives) and an N5-substituted paullone (MOL2008) halted the proliferation of infective Trypanosoma brucei (EC50 in the nM range) and Leishmania infantum promastigotes (EC50 = 12 μM), respectively. A bis-benzyl diamine derivative and MOL2008 depleted intracellular trypanothione in treated parasites, which confirmed the on-target activity of these compounds. Conclusions/Significance: Novel molecular scaffolds with on-target mode of action were identified as hit candidates for TryS inhibition. Due to the remarkable species-specificity exhibited by tri-tryp TryS towards the compounds, future optimization and screening campaigns should aim at designing and detecting, respectively, more potent and broad-range TryS inhibitors.}, number={4}, journal={PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases}, publisher={Public Library of Science}, author={Benítez D. and Medeiros A. and Fiestas L. and Panozzo-Zenere E.A. and Maiwald F. and Prousis K.C. and Roussaki M. and Calogeropoulou T. and Detsi A. and Jaeger T. and et al.}, year={2016} }