Εξειδίκευση τύπου :	Ανακοίνωση σε συνέδριο
Τίτλος:	Γηγενείς και εισηγμένες ποικιλίες κηπευτικών και οσπρίων στο Βυζάντιο: κολοκύνθιον, ματζιτζάνιον, φασούλιν
Δημιουργός/Συγγραφέας:	[EL] Λεοντσίνη, Μαρία[EN] Leontsini, Maria [EL] Αναγνωστάκης, Ηλίας[EN] Anagnostakis, Ilias
Ημερομηνία:	2020-09-11
Γλώσσα:	Ελληνικά
Περίληψη:	The ambiguity of the terms designating vegetables and legumes mentioned in the Byzantine literary sources (historiography, rhetoric, epistolography, hagiography), as well as in legal texts and documents, applies also for some botanical species listed in the agricultural treatise of Geoponika and in medical handbooks. The lack of interest in recording agricultural varieties and the multiplicity in the use of names and terms, inherited form the Greek and the Latin traditions, as well as the indiscriminate reference to the plant or its parts (leaves, stems, roots), left unfilled gaps in botanical knowledge and intensified confusions on botanical species. The definitions of certain species found in Byzantine dictionaries, trying to specify horticultural terminology and the resurgence of the interest in making remarks about the quality and the origin of some products that becomes apparent from the 9th century onwards, did not result in the standardization of a nomenclature. The paper presents the use of the terms kolokýnthion or kolokýnthe that prevailed in the Byzantine texts over the ancient generic term sikyos/on, and comments on its identification to the known species of the water gourds/water pumpkin (Lagenaria vulgaris and Lagenaria siceraria). Water gourds were among the popular gardening items in Byzantium, as was likewise the case throughout the western world, like also other species in the Cucurbitaceae family, such as the melon (pepo) and the watermelon (saracen, saracen pepo). Similar are the conclusions supported by the archaeobotanical research about the cultivation of the species called phaseolus/phasoulin which proved that plant residues and seeds found in excavations are not identical to the varieties, introduced from the New World. Byzantine texts confirm that phaseolus is identified with the black-eyed pea or cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), while this species was less often encountered than other legumes like faba bean, chickpea, pea and sweet pea. The species called ma(t)(n)zi(t)zanion of the family of Strychnoids (Solanaceae) was correlated but was not identical to strychnos, and was introduced in the second half of the 11th century, but its spread was still limited compared to the dimensions it has taken in the Arab world. Overall, the few and fragmentary references by the Byzantine sources can now be better evaluated with the advances of interdisciplinary research. A more detailed commentary and additional documentation on the varieties of agricultural products in the Byzantine era is available in the “Chrysothemis” Database (https://chrysothemis.anavathmis.eu/).
Όνομα εκδήλωσης:	5η Επιστημονική Συνάντηση για τις Τοπικές και Γηγενείς Ποικιλίες: «Αυτός ο κόσμος ο μικρός, ο μέγας»
Ημ/νία έναρξης εκδήλωσης :	2020-09-11
Τόπος εκδήλωσης:	Διαδίκτυο
Θεματική Κατηγορία:	[EL] Μεσαιωνική Ελλάδα, Βυζαντινή Αυτοκρατορία 323-1453[EN] Medieval Greece. Byzantine Empire, 323-1453
Λέξεις-Κλειδιά:	Ιστορία διατροφής Ποικιλίες φυτών Ποικιλίες καρπών Αγροτική καλλιέργεια
Τοπική Κάλυψη:	Βυζαντινή Αυτοκρατορία
Χρονική Κάλυψη:	Βυζαντινή εποχή
Κάτοχος πνευματικών δικαιωμάτων:	Λεοντσίνη, Μαρία Αναγνωστάκης, Ηλίας
Εμφανίζεται στις συλλογές:	Τομέας Βυζαντινών Ερευνών - Επιστημονικό έργο